What Your Blood Pressure Numbers Really Mean

High blood pressure is often called a "silent killer" because it can cause serious health problems without noticeable symptoms. As a cardiologist at Elliot Heart and Vascular Center, I emphasize the importance of monitoring blood pressure and understanding its impact on overall health. 

What is blood pressure? 

Blood pressure is simply the force of blood pushing against artery walls. When it is too high, it is known as hypertension. Over time, hypertension can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health issues. 

Unlike other medical conditions that cause immediate pain or distress, hypertension does not produce noticeable symptoms right away. Instead, it silently damages the body over time, often going undetected until complications arise. 

What do your blood pressure numbers mean?

Blood pressure is measured with two numbers: 

• Systolic pressure (top number): The force of blood against artery walls when the heart beats. 
• Diastolic pressure (bottom number): The pressure when the heart rests between beats. 

A normal reading is 120/80 mmHg or lower. Readings above this level can indicate elevated blood pressure or hypertension. 

• Elevated blood pressure: 120-129 systolic and below 80 diastolic 
• Hypertension (stage 1): 130-139 systolic or 80-89 diastolic 
• Hypertension (stage 2): 140+ systolic or 90+ diastolic 

Higher numbers mean the heart is working harder to pump blood, which can lead to long-term damage. 

The hidden dangers of high blood pressure 

When blood pressure remains high for years, it causes small tears in artery walls. This leads to inflammation, cholesterol buildup, and narrowing of the arteries. Over time, these changes increase the risk of: 

• Heart attack and stroke: Blockages in the arteries can prevent blood flow to the heart or brain. 
• Heart failure: The heart struggles to pump blood efficiently. 
• Kidney damage: High pressure affects the delicate blood vessels in the kidneys. 
• Vision loss: Damage to eye vessels can lead to vision problems. 
• Dementia: Chronic hypertension can contribute to cognitive decline. 

Managing blood pressure 

Keeping blood pressure in a healthy range requires lifestyle changes, especially around diet and exercise. Moderation is key. If you're enjoying a large meal, try taking one spoonful of a dish instead of two. Salty foods and alcohol can both raise blood pressure, so it's important to be mindful of your consumption. 

Simple ways to help control blood pressure include: 

• Reducing salt intake: Avoid processed and high-sodium foods. 
• Exercising regularly: Physical activity helps maintain a healthy heart. 
• Limiting alcohol and quitting smoking: Both can contribute to high blood pressure. 
• Taking prescribed medications: Following your doctor’s guidance is crucial for managing hypertension. 

If you have concerns about your blood pressure or need help managing it, reach out to your healthcare provider. We are here to help. 

For more information, visit elliothospital.org/cardiology. Are you ready to take charge of your heart health? Call Elliot Heart and Vascular Center today to schedule a consultation at 603-627-1669 or visit our website.  

 Dr. Swapna Ahern practices general cardiology at Elliot Heart and Vascular Center with an interest in treating a broad range of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, valvular disease, and preventative cardiology. She uses advanced cardiac imaging techniques with echocardiography, nuclear imaging, and stress testing to tailor patient-specific treatment plans. Dr. Ahern values working alongside her patients to help them meet their goals and live healthier lives.