Recognizing Depression in Teens: Signs to Watch for and How to Help

March is Teen Mental Health Month, but it is always important to discuss this topic. As a pediatrician, I often hear parents say, "I thought my teen was just moody." Adolescence is full of emotional ups and downs, but when sadness, irritability, or withdrawal persist, it may be more than just typical teenage behavior. Depression in teens is real, and early recognition is key to getting them the help they need. 

Signs of depression in teens 

Depression in teens can look different than depression in adults. While sadness is a common symptom, teens may also show other signs, including: 

• Loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed 
• Changes in sleep patterns, either sleeping too much or too little 
• Appetite changes leading to weight gain or loss 
• Difficulty concentrating or a drop in academic performance 
• Persistent fatigue or lack of energy 
• Increased irritability, anger, or frustration 
• Social withdrawal from family and friends 
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt 
• Thoughts of self-harm or suicide 

If you notice these symptoms lasting more than two weeks, it’s important to take them seriously. Depression is not just a phase and ignoring it can make things worse. 

What to do if you suspect your teen is depressed 

1. Start a conversation – Approach your teen with care and concern. Choose a time when you can talk privately without distractions. Talking while doing a favorite activity together can help the conversation flow. Let them know you’ve noticed changes and ask open-ended questions like, "I’ve seen that you don’t seem like yourself lately. Do you want to talk about what’s going on?" 
2. Listen without judgment – Avoid minimizing their feelings or rushing to fix the problem. Simply listen. Teens need to feel heard and understood before they are willing to accept help. 
3. Encourage professional help – If your teen shows signs of depression, seek guidance from a pediatrician or mental health professional. Therapy, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, medication can help. 
4. Maintain open communication – Let your teen know they are not alone. Regular check-ins can help them feel supported and encourage them to keep talking about their feelings. 
5. Promote healthy habits – Encourage physical activity, a balanced diet, and good sleep habits. These can all improve mood and overall well-being. 
6. Watch for warning signs of suicide – If your teen talks about feeling hopeless, expresses thoughts of self-harm or suicide, or gives away personal belongings, seek immediate help by calling a crisis hotline (dial 988) or visiting an emergency room. 

When to see a pediatrician 

Your child’s pediatrician can be a great first step in addressing depression. They can evaluate symptoms, discuss treatment options, and refer to mental health specialists if needed. Parents should never feel like they have to handle this alone— support is available. 

Teen depression is treatable, and early intervention makes a difference. If you’re concerned about your teen, trust your instincts and seek help. Showing them that you care and that their feelings matter can be life-changing. 

 Dr. Mary Pulaski is a pediatrician practicing at Pediatric Health Associates in Manchester, New Hampshire.