Elevated Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Risk in Southern NH - Your Next Steps

As we move from the warm summer months to the crisp days of fall, it’s important to remain vigilant about the risks posed by mosquito-borne illnesses, particularly Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). While rare, EEE is a serious viral disease with a high mortality rate. Tragically, this has been underscored by a recent death here in New Hampshire, reminding us all of the critical need for awareness and prevention. 

Currently, 29 towns in New Hampshire track prevalence of mosquito born illness including EEE, West Nile Virus, Jamestown Canyon Virus, and Powassan virus. Dr. Kevin Rankins of Elliot Hospital explains, “This year, there has been an increase in mosquitos testing positive for EEE. While it is still rare to develop severe illness from a mosquito bite, it is possible to decrease our risk even further by preventing mosquito bites by preventative measures such as insect repellant, wearing protective clothing, avoiding peak mosquito hours outside at dawn and dusk, removing standing water, and using screens to prevent mosquitos from entering your home.” 

View the locations of positive test results and regional risk maps 

What is EEE? 

Eastern Equine Encephalitis is a viral infection transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. The virus primarily affects horses, but humans can also be infected. EEE is one of the most severe mosquito-borne diseases in the United States, with a fatality rate of about 30-40% among those who contract the virus. Survivors of EEE often face long-term neurological problems, making prevention and early detection crucial. 

While EEE is relatively rare, its presence in New Hampshire and other parts of the northeastern United States is a growing concern. The virus is most active from late summer to early fall, when mosquito populations peak. New Hampshire, with its abundant wetlands and wooded areas, is particularly susceptible to mosquito activity, making it a potential hotspot for EEE transmission. In 2024, there has been an uptick in the number of EEE cases reported in the state, prompting public health officials to issue warnings and encourage preventative measures. 

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Symptoms of EEE 

EEE can be difficult to diagnose initially because its early symptoms resemble those of more common viral infections. After an incubation period of 4 to 10 days following a mosquito bite, individuals may experience: 

• Fever 
• Headache 
• Chills 
• Fatigue 

As the virus progresses, it can lead to severe neurological symptoms, including confusion, disorientation, seizures, stiff neck, and coma. 

Due to the rapid progression of symptoms, EEE is considered a medical emergency. If any of these symptoms arise, especially after being bitten by a mosquito, immediate medical attention is critical. 

Treatment for EEE 

Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral treatment for EEE. Care is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and complications as they arise.  

Eastern Equine Encephalitis remains a serious health threat, but we can reduce the risk of infection through community awareness, preventive measures, and timely medical care. The recent death in New Hampshire is a sobering reminder of the importance of vigilance, especially during the mosquito season. We are here to provide the information, care, and support you need to stay safe and healthy. 

When urgent medical needs arise, we understand that knowing where you should go can be confusing. Our innovative Virtual ER service connects you to Elliot emergency physicians who can diagnose you virtually or seamlessly transition you to the most appropriate location for your care. Book a virtual visit as soon as you recognize symptoms of EEE.